Dr. Mark Gardener |
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Tips and Tricks - for R and ExcelOn this page you can find tips, tricks and hints for using both R and Excel. At the end of each tip there are links forwards and backwards as appropriate. There is also an index of R tips and an index of Excel tips. For most analytical purposes the combination of Excel and R is unbeatable! Excel is great as a data management tool and for preparing data for analysis. You can also use it to get an overview of your data or to make simple (and not so simple) graphs. R is an analytical "swiss army knife" and can carry out a mind-boggling array of analytical routines as well as producing great graphics. Tips & Tricks for R | Tips & Tricks for Excel | An Introduction to R | MonogRaphs | Writer's Bloc |
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Object class complex |
Types of R object – 3. complex numbersAll R objects have a class attribute, which can be important as R "decides" how to deal with objects based upon their class. You can think of the simple classes as being in different categories:
You can make a complex number simply by appending an "imaginary" part to an actual number: > newvec = c(1+1i, 2+3i) So, R recognises 2+3i for example as a complex number with real part = 2, imaginary part = 3 The class() command shows that the result is complex: > class(newvec) There are several commands associated with complex numbers: > Re(newvec) # The real part of the number The commands help in dealing with complex numbers. In addition, the elementary trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, square root and hyperbolic functions are implemented for complex values. |
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See my Publications about statistics and data analysis. MonogRaphs: random topics in R Writer's Bloc – my latest writing project includes R scripts Courses in data analysis, data management and statistics. |
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